logo
Brief Publisher Logo
FACT BRIEF

Do volcanoes emit more CO2 than humans?

By Sue Bin Park
Copy link
email
Copy featured image
email
NO

Volcanoes release CO2, but the amount is minimal compared to human-caused emissions.

According to the U.S. Geological Survey, volcanoes emit around 180-440 million tons of CO2 annually. In contrast, human activities, primarily burning fossil fuels, emitted 41.5 billion tons of CO2 in 2022—over 100 times more.

Volcanoes are part of the Earth’s slow carbon cycle, where carbon is gradually recycled between the Earth’s mantle and atmosphere over millions of years. Volcanic CO2 is eventually reabsorbed by the weathering of rocks and ocean absorption, keeping the carbon cycle in balance over long timeframes.

Human activity, however, is releasing carbon at a rate far beyond what the natural carbon cycle can handle, overwhelming the Earth’s ability to balance CO2 levels. While volcanic CO2 emissions have been stable for millions of years, human-caused emissions have rapidly accelerated since the Industrial Revolution, making human activity the dominant driver of rising atmospheric CO2.

See a full discussion of this at Skeptical Science
This fact brief is responsive to conversations such as this one.
Sources
USGS Volcanic gases can be harmful to health, vegetation and infrastructure
Our World in Data CO₂ emissions
NASA The Carbon Cycle
USGS Volcano Watch — Which produces more CO2, volcanic or human activity?
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTOR
Skeptical Science
Skeptical Science is a non-profit science education organization. Our goal is to remove a roadblock to climate action by building public resilience against climate misinformation. We achieve this by publishing debunking of climate myths as well as providing resources for educators, communicators, scientists, and the general public. Skeptical Science was founded and is led by John Cook, a Senior Research Fellow with the Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change at the University of Melbourne.
FACT BRIEF BY
Brief Publisher Logo
Latest fact briefs
facebook
twitter
email
email
About fact briefs published on Gigafact
Fact briefs are short, credibly sourced summaries that offer “yes/no” answers in response to claims found online. They rely on publicly available, often primary source data and documents. Fact briefs are created by contributors to Gigafact —a nonprofit project looking to expand participation in fact-checking and protect the democratic process. See all fact briefs here.