Can Border Patrol enforce immigration laws on tribal land?

The federal government has enforcement authority over federal crimes like crossing the U.S.-Mexico border illegally, even if they happen on tribal land. Tribal law enforcement officers generally have authority to detain and transfer people they’ve already stopped if they suspect an individual crossed into their jurisdiction illegally.

Tribal law enforcement officers can also be deputized to enforce federal law. Tribal police can be granted customs authority, for example, allowing them to share intelligence and assist with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement investigations. Border Patrol coordinates closely with tribal governments and often conducts joint patrols with tribal police. The agencies also share resources for border security operations, such as patrol vehicles or facilities.