Are broadcast stations required to pull false or misleading political ads?
While "truth in advertising" laws empower the government to fine or sue ad makers and pull commercial ads deemed false or misleading, political ads, being considered a form of free speech, are exempt.
U.S. courts have interpreted the First Amendment to mean "lies are protected in public discourse," said Claudia Haupt, an associate professor of law and political science at Northeastern University. The Federal Election Commission does require that television and radio ads include disclosure about who produced them.
Broadcast networks are required to sell ad time to all candidates for federal office and cannot alter ads' content even if they believe it to be untrue, according to David Oxenford, a partner at the D.C.-based law firm Wilkinson, Barker, and Knauer who specializes in broadcast media. Oxenford noted that while this requirement to run ads untouched applies to those produced by candidates themselves, networks are able to object to third-party ads.
Candidates can sue ad makers for defamation, although Oxenford said it's rare.